5 Facts you should know about

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE)

CPFE is characterized by dyspnea, upper-lobe emphysema, lower-lobe fibrosis, and abnormalities of gas exchange

The CPFE syndrome typically occurs in male smokers

Radiographic characteristics include the presence of upper-lobe emphysema and lower-lobe pulmonary fibrosis

Mortality associated with CPFE, especially if pulmonary hypertension is present, is significant

Patients with CPFE have a different natural history, complications, and mortality than those with pulmonary fibrosis or emphysema alone

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